Presidential Economies
Economic indicators and markets by administration, 1999 to present
This report slices the same 1999-to-present US economic data used in the US Economy analysis by the president in office. Each calendar month is assigned to whichever president held office on the 14th of that month; inaugurations on January 20 mean the incoming president’s first full month is February.
Read the caveats before drawing conclusions. Presidents do not fully control the economy. Inherited conditions, Federal Reserve monetary policy, external shocks (dot-com bust, 2008 financial crisis, COVID-19), and multi-year policy lags all dwarf the effect of any single White House. See the methodology page for a fuller discussion.
Administrations marked with an asterisk (*) are ongoing — their stats cover only the portion of their term observed so far.
Summary table
GDP growth by administration
S&P 500 total return by administration
S&P 500 timeline with administration bands
Where to go next
- Economic Growth by Admin → — GDP, unemployment, inflation tracked by administration.
- Markets by Admin → — S&P 500, VIX, and volatility across administrations.
- Methodology & Caveats → — how administrations are assigned to months, limitations of per-administration comparisons, data sources.